Thursday, January 30, 2020
The category of tense Essay Example for Free
The category of tense Essay While the existence of the aspect category in English is a disputed matter, the tense category is universally recognised. Nobody has ever suggested to characterise the distinction, for example, between wrote, writes, and will write as other than a tense distinction. Thus we shall not have to produce any arguments in favour of the existence of the category in Modern English. As to the general definition of tense, there seems no necessity to find a special one for the English language. The basic features of the category appear to be the same in English as in other languages. [Ilyish 1971: 86] The category of tense is a verbal category that reflects the objective category of time. It correlates with the conceptual category of temporality. The essential characteristic feature of the category of tense is that it relates the time of the action, event or state of affairs referred to in the sentence to the time of the utterance. [Ã’à ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° 2009: 119] In English there are the three tenses (past, present and future) represented by the forms wrote, writes, will write, or lived, lives, will live. Strangely enough, some doubts have been expressed about the existence of a future tense in English. O. Jespersen discussed this question more than once. The reason why Jespersen denied the existence of a future tense in English was that the English future is expressed by the phrase â€Å"shall/will + infinitive†, and the verbs shall and will which make part of the phrase preserve, according to Jespersen, some of their original meaning (shall an element of obligation, and will an element of volition). Thus, in Jespersen’s view, English has no way of expressing â€Å"pure futurity†free from modal shades of meaning, i.e. it has no form standing on the same grammatical level as the forms of the past and present tenses. However, this reasoning is not convincing. Though the verbs shall and will may in some contexts preserve or indeed revive their original meaning of obligation or volition respectively, as a rule they are free from these shades of meaning and expres s mere futurity. This is especially clear in sentences where the verb will is used as an auxiliary of the future tense and where, at the same time, the meaning of volition is excluded by the context, e.g. I am so sorry, I am afraid I will have to go back to the hotel.(R. West)Since the verb will cannot possibly be said to preserve even the slightest shade of the meaning of volition here, it can have only one meaning – that of grammatical futurity. The three main divisions of time are represented in the English verbal system by the three tenses. Each of them may appear in the common and in the continuous aspect. Thus we get six tense-aspect forms. Besides these six, however, there are two more, namely, the future-in-the-past and the future-continuous-in-the-past. It is common knowledge that these forms are used chiefly in subordinate clauses depending on a main clause having its predicate verb in one of the past tenses, e.g. This did not mean that she was content to live. It meant simply that e ven death, if it came to her here, would seem stale. (R. West) However, they can be found in independent clauses as well. The following passage from a novel by Huxley yields a good example of this use: It was after ten o’clock. The dancers had already dispersed and the last lights were being put out. To-morrow the tents would be struck, the dismantled merry-go-round would be packed into wagons and carted away. These are the thoughts of young man surveying the scene of a feast which has just ended. The tenses used are three: the tense which we call past perfect to denote the action already finished by that time (the dancers had dispersed), the past continuous to denote an action going on at that very moment (the lights were being put out) and the future-in-the-past to denote an action foreseen for the future (the merry-go-round would be packed and carted away). The future-in-the-past and future-continuous-in-the-past do not easily fit into a system of tenses represented by a straight line running out of the past into the future. They are a deviation from this straight line: their starting point is not the present, from which the past and the future are reckoned, but the past itself. A different view of the English tense system has been put forward by Prof. N. Irtenyeva. According to this view, the system is divided into two halves: that of tenses centering in the present, and that of tenses centering in the past. The former would comprise the present, present perfect, future, present continuous and present perfect continuous, whereas the latter would comprise the past, past perfect, future-in-the-past, past continuous and past perfect continuous. This view has much to recommend it. It has the advantage of reducing the usual threefold division of tenses to a twofold division (past and present) with each of the two future tenses (future and future-in-the-past) included into the past or the present system, respectively. A new theory of English tenses has been put forward by A. Korsakov. He establishes a system of absolute and anterior tenses, and of static and dynamic tenses. By dynamic tenses he means what we call tenses of the continuous aspect, and by the anterior tenses what we call tenses of the perfect correlation. The evaluation of this system in its relation to other views has yet to be worked out. [Ilyish 1971: 86-89] The tense category is realized through a number of oppositions. The binary principle of oppositions remains the basic one in the correlation of the forms that represent the grammatical category of tense. The present moment is the main temporal plane of verbal actions. Therefore, the temporal dichotomy may be illustrated by the following graphic representation (the arrows show the binary opposition): Present Past Future I Future II Generally speaking, the major tense-distinction in English is undoubtedly that which is traditionally described as an opposition of past::present. But this is best regarded as a contrast of past::non-past. [Ã’à ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° 2009: 119-120] When speaking of the expression of time by the verb, it is necessary to strictly distinguish between the general notion of time, the lexical denotation of time, and the grammatical time proper, or grammatical temporality. All the lexical expressions of time, according as they refer or do not refer the denoted points or periods of time, directly or obliquely, to this moment, are divided into â€Å"present-oriented†, or â€Å"absolute†expressions of time, and â€Å"non-present-oriented†, â€Å"non-absolute†expressions of time. The absolute time denotation, in compliance with the experience gained by man in the course of his cognitive activity, distributes the intellective perception of time among three sph eres: the sphere of the present, with the present moment included within its framework; the sphere of the past, which precedes the sphere of the present by way of retrospect; the sphere of the future, which follows the sphere of the present by way of prospect. Thus, words and phrases like now, last week, in our century, in the past, in the years to come, very soon, yesterday, in a couple of days, giving a temporal characteristic to an event from the point of view of its orientation in reference to the present moment, are absolute names of time. The non-absolute time denotation does not characterise an event in terms of orientation towards the present. This kind of denotation may be either â€Å"relative†or â€Å"factual†. The relative expression of time correlates two or more events showing some of them either as preceding the others, or following the others, or happening at one and the same time with them. Here belong such words and phrases as after that, before that, at one and the same time with, some time later, at an interval of a day or two, at different times, etc. The factual expression of time either directly states the astronomical time of an event, or else conveys this meaning in terms of historical landmarks. Under this heading should be listed such words and phrases as in the year 1066, during the time of the First World War, at the epoch of Napoleon, at the early period of civilisation, etc. In the context of real speech the above types of time naming are used in combination with one another, so that the denoted event receives many-sided and very exact characterisation regarding its temporal status. [Ã‘à »Ã ¾Ã'… 1983: 137-138] Literature cited Ã‘à »Ã ¾Ã'… ÃÅ". à ¯. à ¢Ã µÃ ¾Ã'ۈ µÃ'‚à ¸Ã'‡à µÃ' à ºÃ °Ã' à ³Ã'ۈ °Ã ¼Ã ¼Ã °Ã'‚à ¸Ã ºÃ ° à °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' à ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' à ·Ã'‹à ºÃ °: à £Ã'‡à µÃ ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º. Ãâ€Ã »Ã' Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'à ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚à ¾Ã ² Ã'„à ¸Ã »Ã ¾Ã ». Ã'„à °Ã º. Ã'Æ'à ½-Ã'‚à ¾Ã ² à ¸ Ã'„à °Ã º. à °Ã ½Ã ³Ã ». Ã' à ·. à ¿Ã µÃ ´Ã ²Ã'Æ'à ·Ã ¾Ã ²./ ÃÅ". à ¯. Ã‘à »Ã ¾Ã'… – ÃÅ".: Ã’Ã'‹Ã' Ã'ˆ. Ã'ˆà ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã °, 1983. – 383 Ã' . Ã’à ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° Û. ÃÅ". à ¢Ã µÃ ¾Ã'ۈ µÃ'‚à ¸Ã'‡à ½Ã ° à ³Ã'ۈ °Ã ¼Ã °Ã'‚à ¸Ã ºÃ ° à °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã'â€"à ¹Ã' Ã'Å'à ºÃ ¾Ã'â€" à ¼Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¸: à ¡Ã'Æ'Ã'‡à °Ã' à ½Ã ¸Ã ¹ à ¿Ã'â€"à ´Ã'…Ã'â€"à ´. à à °Ã ²Ã'‡. à ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã'â€"à ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º./ Û. ÃÅ". Ã’à ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° – ÃÅ¡.:  «ÃžÃ' à ²Ã'â€"Ã'‚à ° à £Ã ºÃ'ۈ °Ã'â€"à ½Ã ¸Ã‚ », 2009. – 256 Ã' . Ilyish B. The Structure of Modern English./ B. Ilyish – Û.: ßÃ'ۈ ¾Ã' à ²Ã µÃ'‰à µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ, 1971. – 387 Ã'€.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Cause of Ophelias Insanity :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays
Hamlet: The Cause of Ophelia's Insanity        Shakespeare, through his intricate uses of symbolism and dramatic irony, arranges a brilliantly detailed account of how Hamlet's mental upheaval served as the driving force of Ophelia's swelling insanity and imminent suicide. He floods the early acts with an impending sense of confusion within Ophelia, for her feelings toward hamlet greatly contrast those of her brother and father. Ophelia begins to willingly take heed of her family's advice as the prince finds himself removed from a lucid pattern of thought. However, because her feelings for him are genuine, this serves only to exalt her mental strain. In the height of Hamlet's incoherent rage, he provides Ophelia with the ultimate medium for her ensuing madness. The murder of Polonius is the greatest among many factors that were contributed by Hamlet to the somber fate of Ophelia.         A prelude, composed of warnings from Polonius and Laertes, is tactfully set up by Shakespeare during Ophelia's initial appearances in the play, aiding in the preparation for her subsequent mental deterioration.         Pol.               What is between you? Give me up the truth.        Oph.               He hath, ny lord, of late made many tenders               Of his affection to me.        Pol.               Affection, puh! You speak like a green girl               Unsifted in such perilous circumstance.               Do you believe his "tenders" as you call them?        Oph.               I do not know, my lord, what I should think.                                              (I, iii, ln.107-113)  Ophelia openly professes her confusion. Polonius' response is presented in a manner which is clearly intended to sincerely disdain Hamlet before his daughter, making obvious his opinion of their involvement. His intent for her actions, however, will merely magnify her confusion. Ophelia concedes that she is not aware of a solution with which to halt or even improve this situation. For this reason, no preventive measures are taken, only allowing the situation to worsen.         Hamlets mind grows more and more clouded as his goal becomes clear, and in the midst of his pervading preoccupation, he pushes Ophelia to the point of mental breakdown. This notion appears in the second act, after Ophelia first sees a deranged Hamlet.         Oph.               Lord Hamlet†¦               †¦with a look so piteous in purport               As if he had been loosed out of hell               To speak of horrors -he comes before me        Pol.               Mad for thy love?        Oph.                My lord I do not know               But I truly do fear it.                                               (II, I, ln. 87-97)  Her confusion has evolved into a state of dread, and this dread will begin to penetrate her consciousness as it grows more and more intense.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Motion Sickness In Naval Environment Health And Social Care Essay
The intent of this paper is to find a sensible attack to pull offing gesture illness in Canadian Naval forces. Management of gesture illness in a naval environment is really of import. The coming of new engineering, assorted gender, multicultural, and smaller crew sizes mean that the effects of gesture illness on the crew straight affects the mission capableness of a modern war vessel. The pathophysiology of mal de mer and gesture illness in general remains ill understood. In general, gesture illness is thought to be a miscommunication and nervous mismatch syndrome. This account does non to the full explicate why weariness occurs in concurrence with gesture illness or why gesture illness is so variable in different individuals under the same conditions. Seasickness can be efficaciously managed utilizing combinations of workspace alteration, non-prescription drugs, prescription drugs, and addiction. There is no 1 combination that is universally effectual nevertheless there is a demand for the practician to hold a good thought of when to modify a intervention mode for a peculiar sea province or patients demands.IntroductionModern ships and smaller crews have a high impact when the crew is unable to execute basic and complex maps when they become helpless due to gesture illness. Anyone who has of all time treated a patient who is actively or inveterate airsick can sympathize with the patient feeling that they would wish to decease so the mal de mer would travel off. In the Canadian Navy a patient needs to show a history of chronic mal de mer in order to be moved to a new trade and considered to be for good unfit for naval service. This frequently is non done until the member has been to the full trained and can take two to three old ag es of sailing to happen ensuing in a great trade of wretchedness for the patient and a big investing in clip, preparation, and money on the portion of the Canadian Forces. The intent of this paper is to reexamine the pathophysiology of gesture illness and depict an grounds based attack to the direction of mal de mer utilizing both pharmacological and non pharmacologically based interventions presently available to CF Health Services Personnel. It will besides briefly explore ergonomic alterations to alleviate the symptoms of Motion Sickness. With the coming of modern ship design, crew composing has evolved to hold fewer and really extremely specialised forces responsible for runing the combat platform of today. For illustration, during World War II the crew of a Frigate had 141 forces ( 1 ) who were responsible for the safe operation of the ship. The WWII frigate had half the supplanting and far less than half the capableness and engineering of a modern war vessel of a similar category. The crews were all male and chiefly Caucasian. In 2010 a Canadian Patrol Frigate with a supplanting of 5235 dozenss has a minimal crew of 180 with 45 transeunt forces for a sum of 225 who are responsible for the care and operation of the war vessel ( 2 ) . Motion illness can impact anyplace from 1 % to 100 % of a crew depending on conditions and the status of the H2O surface they travel on. The much smaller crew who are critical to the direction of combat, ego defence, and life support systems become helpless and the whole system of a combat platform is affected. ( Find impact of mal de mer on contending effectivity in article ) The bulk of the literature discusses the direction of gesture illness in the context of short exposures such as sail ship travel, air travel, and infinite travel.Pathophysiology of gesture illnessArgwal et Al ( 2003 ) . , late reiterated that gesture illness still remains ailing understood but is still by and large thought to be caused by nervous input mismatch ( 3 ) . It is besides the place of this writer that some of the symptoms of gesture illness can non be explained to the full by this place. For illustration why does gesture illness consequence in sickness and emesis and non some other symptoms alternatively? This account besides fails to explicate specifically why gesture illness causes sleepiness. Besides it fails to explicate the variableness between different topics susceptibleness to gesture illness under similar fortunes.Definition of mal de merSeasickness is normally described as a feeling of sickness, tummy consciousness, and unwell while on or in H2O both fresh and sa lt H2O. This type of gesture illness is considered to be a normal response to the perceptual experience of gesture whether the gesture is existent or non. For illustration, a individual can go ill on the span of a ship in unsmooth sea or while utilizing a stationary simulator with traveling images on a picture screen even though their organic structure and the platform they are standing on is non traveling.Mal de debarquement SyndromeMal de debarquement Syndrome ( MdDS ) is deserving brief treatment in this paper as it is a status that affects people who have been exposed to gesture illness arousing stimulations yet they still have gesture illness symptoms after remotion of the stimulation. It has deductions in the context of a naval environment as it seems to commonly affect in-between age people ( 4 ) ( 5 ) and can be rather enfeebling. CF Health Services Staff may be presented with patients showing with MdDS given our aging recruit population, and troubles bring forthing staff fo r ships ensuing in the usage of more shore based â€Å" replacement staff †particularly in the back uping trade functions. Some of the older members of the crew of a modern ship may be at hazard for MdDS. The symptoms of MdDS that concern clinicians chiefly are non the transient symptoms that are common for the first few yearss on land after a long sail as described by YH Cha et Al ( 4 ) and Gordon et Al ( 6 ) . Patients with MdDS typically present chiefly with a relentless esthesis of gesture after several yearss removal from a gesture that would normally arouse gesture illness ( 4 ) . Other symptoms may include concerns and sensitiveness to ocular gesture. The symptoms can last from a few hebdomads to many old ages. Fact-finding testing and rating do non uncover any physical causative factor to explicate the symptoms of the patient ( 4 ) . Death from mal de mer? – one history of decease from mal de mer in oil rig catastrophe Questions to be posed: What are the physiological effects of purging and mal de mer? What are the effects of moderate mal de mer on operators of complicated machinery? What is the most effectual manner to handle gesture illness on a naval ship? Divers in a hyperbaric chamber at sea. Aircrew at sea. Aircrew? Divers? Ships Crew? Describe the differences between Sea and air and gesture illness. Cruise ship stabilisation methods, ship design, human factors. Mythbusters section on gesture illness. Treatments Drug Treatments presently in usage in the CF ( 7 ) The CF Formulary contains the fol drugs that are indicated in the direction of Motion illness. Gravol Many readyings avail Common prescription for direction of mal de mer Bonamine Meclazine HCL is used. Its monograph provinces in indicants for the usage in the intervention of XXXXX. It was found anecdotally by the writer that it is frequently used and prescribed falsely as one tablet twice daily instead than the sanctioned one to two tablets one time daily in the monograph in some surveies it was besides prescribed as XXXX.Reappraisal of the LiteratureA reappraisal of the literature was done to reply some basic inquiries that would be valuable to explicating an attack to pull offing mal de mer in a naval environment.Can you decease from mal de mer?one decease has beenDoes degree of physical fittingness have an impact on gesture illness?Curiously, topics with high degrees of aerophilic fitness study less symptoms of gesture illness but have higher rates of patterned advance to purging than topics with lower aerophilic fittingness degrees ( 8 ) . Cheung et Al. ( 9 ) looked at why and concluded that tolerance to vestibular gesture decreases as aerophilic fittingn ess additions.Does ethnicity or gender have an consequence on gesture illness?It is by and large thought that ethnicity and gender may hold an impact on an person ‘s gesture illness sensitiveness. Klosterhalfen et al. , studied the consequence of ethnicity and gender on gesture illness susceptibleness ( 10 ) . Specifically they looked at whether gender and cultural ethnicity are interacting. 227 Caucasic and 82 topics of Chinese beginning, both male and female were exposed to nausea bring oning organic structure rotary motions in a rotary motion chair. They experienced five exposures of 1 min each with 1 min breaks between exposures. They were instructed to shut their eyes and travel their caputs up and down every 6 seconds by an audiotape. Campaigners could discontinue at any clip and the entire rotary motion clip was noted. Prior to rotary motion, topics were instructed to make full out a Gesture Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire ( MSSQ ) . Individual symptom evaluations were performed at the beginning and terminal of exposure and 15 and 30 min subsequently. The consequences of the survey indicated that the mean rotary motion clip was higher in Caucasic than in Chinese t opics. It besides indicated that the rotary motion clip could be predicted from the MSSQ information. The decision of the survey is that gesture illness susceptibleness is affected by both cultural beginning and by gender in a complex manner. The most dependable anticipation of rotary motion could be based on the person ‘s history as assessed by the MSSQ. JE Bos et Al ( 11 ) . observed in the literature that females were 1.4 to 1.7 times more susceptible sea illness and found similar rates in the other manners of transit. They found merely 3 studies contradictory of the consequences of the surveies reviewed. After a reappraisal of the ferry and sail ship informations in their survey they concluded that gender has an impact on a individuals susceptibleness to seasickness. Talk about the Singapore navy testWhat is the impact of ship design on gesture illness?Dobie ( 12 ) looked at the design of ships and how worlds interact with their sophisticated systems. Whole organic structure quiver, gesture induced weariness and noise all affect the organic structure and lessening effectivity in a complex machine. He concluded that the human component must be considered in the design of ships at an early phase in the procedure. The vas should be considered to be a person-machine that operates as a system and effectual design make an effectual system.Can desensitization minimise effects of gesture illness?What drugs could be used to minimise the effects of mal de mer?There have been many surveies of the medicines that could be used to pull off gestures sickness. This paper will look at the 1s that are available in Canada. Of note one of the more studied[ 1 ]( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 15 ) is dextroamphetamine ( used for terrible symptoms ) and it is non indicated for usage i n the direction of gesture illness but shows a batch of promise for terrible symptoms. one field survey on the effectivity of anti-motion illness drugs ( 16 ) found that hyoscine, Antivert, Dramamine, and accupressure in order of effectivity helped riders on a sail from Argentina to the Antarctic Peninsula. Again the exposure was merely 3 yearss but the conditions was terrible ( gale force air currents with 9m crestless waves ) . What medicines are available to battle gesture illness in the CF pharmacopeia? Dimenhydrinate Meclizine Scopalamine Dextroamphetamine Use of scopalamine Schupak et al. , studied the long term effects of transdermic hyoscine ( Transderm-V ) to measure its long term effectivity in the bar of mal de mer ( 17 ) . 68 healthy male crew members age 18 to 20 were given a scopolamine spot eight hours before each seafaring. Two spots were applied per hebdomad with an interval of 24 hours before application of a new spot every 72 hours. Checkups were made every three months over a period of three old ages. The mean seasickness badness ( on a graduated table of 0 to 7 ) after six months at sea prior to the spot was 5.64, as compared to 3.14 station application. Significant betterment was besides found in ego evaluated public presentation at sea while utilizing the spot. Contact dermatitis prevented the usage of transdermic hyoscine in 3 ( 4.4 % ) subjects. The lone other important side consequence was waterlessness of the mucose membranes. The entire figure of yearss the topics had been have oning the spot is non mentioned. The writers concluded that transdermic hyoscine was effectual in the bar of mal de mer and betterment of public presentation at sea during three old ages of followup, everyday application is non complicated either by terrible side effects by public presentation perturbations. How long can you utilize the spot? cite Israeli defense force Singapore navy tests at sea for scop. Use of ondansetron Herskovitz et al. , studied ondansetron for the bar of mal de mer in susceptible crewmans ( 18 ) . 16 voluntaries with normal physical test findings and no old history of interior ear disease or dizziness took portion in a double-blind randomized crossing over survey. The participants practiced computerize public presentation trials until the consequences were stabilized. Ondansetron 8 milligram or placebo was administered two hours before sailing aboard a 500 ton naval vas in mild sea conditions. Participants did public presentation testing and completed a questionnaire measuring their illness symptoms four hours into the ocean trip. The consequence was that there was no statistically important decrease of mal de mer symptoms between the drug intervention and placebo. The decision of this survey is that ondansetron was non found to be good in the intervention of mal de mer.Non medicative interventionsAcupressure and acustimulation Miller and Muth examined the efficaciousness of G-Jo and acustimulation for the bar of gesture illness ( 19 ) . Their survey used the Accubanda„? and ReliefBanda„? G-Jo and acustimulation device to excite the Neiguan ( P6 ) stylostixis point. Their topics were assigned to one of five groups: Accubanda„? trained or untrained ; ReliefBanda„? trained or untrained ; or placebo. Subjects were exposed to 20 min baseline period and 20 min of optokinetic membranophone rotary motion. The untrained topics read the device waies used as they felt appropriate so completed a serviceability analysis after membranophone exposure. Trained topics read the device waies and so were trained to utilize device and so had their exposures. The topic symptoms and stomachic myoelectric activity were monitored during the baseline and membranophone rotary motion periods. There were 77 topics, 19 work forces and 61 adult females, runing from the 18 to 27 old ages of age. In this survey the symptoms of gesture illness and stomachic myoelectric activity increased in all groups taking the research workers to reason that the lone existent difference between conditions was a hold in oncoming of symptoms for ReliefBanda„? compared to Accubanda„? . This survey demonstrated that no G-Jo, acustimulation, or placebo intervention eliminated the symptoms of gesture illness. The ReliefBanda„? while potentially detaining the symptoms would merely be good for short periods of clip if at all. This research was conducted in the lab and non a shipboard environment over an drawn-out period of clip. Bertolucci et Al. conducted in oceangoing survey with a little group of nine voluntaries off the seashore of San Francisco Bay ( 20 ) . Their decision was that gesture illness symptoms were suppressed by the usage of an acustimulation device. His group size was little and needs to be demonstrated with the larger group. Ginger Ergonomic alterations Positioning of watchkeeping Stationss Chair make-up Artificial skylines INTRAVENOUS TherapyDiscussionColwell ( 21 ) identified five â€Å" human factors technology rules †in the direction of gesture illness: â€Å" 1. Locate critical Stationss near the ship ‘s effectual centre of rotary motion ; 2. Minimize caput motions ; 3. Align operators with a rule axis of the ship ‘s hull ; 4. Avoid uniting provocative beginnings ; and 5. Supply and external frame of mention. †Head motion in concurrence with gesture contributes to gesticulate sickness esthesis as can be demonstrated by the surveies performed by Miller ( 19 ) , Cheung et Al ( 22 ) , and others. If this is the instance so more often used proctors and input devices should be placed in forepart of watchkeepers so that vigorous caput motions need non be employed to keep effectual watchkeeping. Besides by adding a high backed chair with a head restraint you have the extra input of the skin centripetal contact of the dorsum of the chair and caput to assist antagonize the nervous input mismatch. If nervous input mismatch contributes significantly to gesture illness symptomology ( 3 ) ( 2 ) it seems that it would be sensible to add stimulations that would assist screen out the â€Å" mismatch †. For illustration, on modern war vessels everything is tied, bolted down, or otherwise secured so that it does non travel. This is to forestall harm or hurt from motion at an inopportune clip such as an detonation or utmost maneuvering. This besides leads to no ocular stimulation of motion for the crew thereby increasing input mismatch. Addition of unreal skylines within the field of vision of the crew has the possible to minimise this consequence. These could be a simple as a twine with a weight on it or a balance beam ( unreal skyline ) with subdued illuming on it. This is an country that could be studied in more deepness The literature on the usage of ginger for gesture illness is mixedas to it ‘s efficaciousness for sickness and â€Å" tummy consciousness †. There does non look to be a good survey that would compare the effectivity of ginger on the type of terrible, long term exposure to gesture that would formalize ginger as an effectual gesture illness counterpoison for naval personel. It would be interesting to set together a proper test in a realistic environment and set this issue to rest for naval forces. Decision Seasickness and related gesture provoked unwellness are a complicated issue that requires effectual direction in the face of assorted gender, multi-ethnic, little crew sizes on modern Canadian war vessels. Seasickness has been looked at extensively in the context of comparatively short exposures both on land in the lab environment, and at sea. More work remains to be done on the fol: gather grounds of efficaciousness of medicines used to pull off MSickness in the field. gather grounds of efficaciousness of desensitisation as a direction tool in the field Expression at the efficaciousness of unreal skylines in work Stationss. Given the grounds presented in the literature, it is likely that the undermentioned protocol would be an effectual program to pull off a patient with mal de mer on a naval ship: a. patient nowadayss with known gesture illness history. 1 usage gravol xx milligram twenty hours prior to exposure. keep Mild moderate terrible Management of mal de mer demands to take into history the sea province, the length of the needed exposure to gesture, the badness of unwellness in the patient and the occupations they are required to execute as portion of their responsibilities at sea. Pharmaceutical direction of mal de mer demands to include the disposal of an appropriate anti emetic good in progress of exposure when possible, so that the drug is absorbed before the subsequent emesis prevents equal soaking up of medicine to forestall the more terrible symptoms of mal de mer. Figure 1 lists the medicines available to practicians in the CF. Combination of medicine is indicated when one medicine entirely fails to command symptoms adequately. The hyoscine readyings are the â€Å" standard †by which most anti gesture illness medicines are evaluated against. Most surveies involved in measuring medicines for forestalling seasickness include a scopolamine readying of some kind. Scopolamine spots used by the Canadian Forces need to be applied right and proper manus rinsing completed after application to forestall inadvertent contact with conjunctiva and the end point blurry vision and uncomfortableness to the patient. Scopolamine spots may be used efficaciously for long periods of clip ( 17 ) ( 23 ) but should be discontinued when possible to let the patient to use to gesture. When utilizing spots for long periods of clip it is sensible to wait 24hrs before using a new spot ( 17 ) and sites should be rotated between L and R mastoid procedure. More research is required to measure direction of gesture illness with respect to assorted gender, multi-ethnic crews, with long gesture exposures on naval ships. The bulk of information in the literature associating to female mal de mer is based on retrospective questionnaire based surveies of sail ship riders on reasonably short sails. It would be interesting and valuable to look at a survey of the impact of mal de mer on job/mission public presentation of the smaller Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel ( MCDV ) Fleets and the larger Patrol Frigates ( CPF ) and Destroyer Fleets on both seashores now that the crews of all these fleets are much more diverse than the last clip this was looked at by Colwell in 1989 ( 21 ) .How does Mal de debarquement syndrome tantrum into the gesture illness spectrum?Cha ( 4 ) , and Parker ( 5 ) took a retrospective expression at instances of MdD in an effort to quantify its natual history and clinical characteristics ( 4 ) and suggest a class of intervention to get down with ( 5 ) . Notes: Cha ( 4 ) – 64 patients in the survey – basically normal test and trials -boat travel the most common trigger ( 81 % of instances looked at ) -median age at first onslaught was 38yo and 75 % were female–Figure 1: Drugs available in CF H Svc Formulary ( 7 ) shown to be effecive in the direction of Motion Sickness. Drug Drug Identification Number ( DIN ) Time interval required prior to exposure Recommended dosage Dose frequence Notes Dose Dextroamphetamine[ 2 ] 5mg 00001924516 1-2 hour 5-10 milligram q 4-6 H Particular mandate required through CFDEC[ 3 ] 10mg 00001924559 15mg 00001924567 Dimenhydrinate 1-2 hour 50-100 milligram q 4-6 H Multiple readyings avail Meclizine 25mg 00220442 2 hour 25-50 milligram q 6-24h When current supply depleted will no longer be available/manufactured for Canada Promethazine 25mg/ml inj 00000575178 1.5 – 2 hour 25 milligram q 4-6 hour 25mg unwritten 00000575178 Scopolamine Patch 1.5mg ( 1 milligram delivered over three yearss ( 24 ) ) 8 hour One spot behind ear Change every 72 hour TransDerm V
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Not A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua - 2223 Words
Assimilate or retain identity After reading â€Å"How to Tame a wild Tongue†by Gloria Anzaldua, I can definitely feel the social and cultural difficulties immigrants experienced while being raised in the United State in a profound way. So it brings up a question I have as an immigrant for a long time: Would we get treated differently if we act the same way they act, speak the same kind of language they speak, eat the same type of food they eat? If we accomplish all of those things, would they consider us like them? Or would they still see us as outsiders and always keep a distance away from us? Will we have better interactions with them? Or will we still have to hang out with those people who are same races as us? By reading â€Å"Do We Really Want Immigrants to Assimilate?†, Nathan Glazer posed the question: â€Å"Is Assimilation Dead?†three years ago and his answer was yes to this concern. Though he stressed the fact that assimilation still making the progres s toward society, on the one side I agree with his notion that assimilation insists a social reality but on the other side, I strongly disagree with the idea that assimilation is dead as nation ideal. So should immigrant assimilate? There are many benefits of being multicultural and one should try their best to accommodate majority’s needs. Let’s take a look at immigration and â€Å"Cultural Assimilation†. Congressman Tom Tancredo discussed his view on immigration, contrasting the experience of his Italian grandparents with modernShow MoreRelatedA Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1779 Words  | 8 Pagesâ€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†Critical Analysis When Anzaldua says â€Å"So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language†she wants you to feel every aspect of what she is saying. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†she persuades her readers to believe this and that she has went through hell to fight for what she believes in. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†is published in Borderlands/La Frontera, by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"the book talks about how she is concerned with many kinds of borders--betweenRead MoreThe Article On A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua812 Words  | 4 Pagesarticle How to Tame a Wild Tongue written by Gloria Anzaldua covers a real life story that Gloria lived. She was born into a Mexican home in the United States during the 1970s. She was looked down upon by her peers due to the fact that she spoke Spanish. When she was in school they got her in trouble because she spoke Spanish in one of her classes. Gloria also never knew that Spanish words were not all male dominant, they also applied to females. The biggest struggle for Gloria was that she often usedRead MoreHow A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1236 Words  | 5 Pagesdeveloping a more accepting attitude toward differences, several minority groups continue to suffer from cultural oppression. In her essay â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,†Gloria Anzaldà ºa explores the challenges encountered by these groups. She especially focuses on her people, the Chicanos, and describes the difficulties she faced practicing her mother tongue. She argues that for many years, the dominant American culture has silenced their language. She claims that by forcing them to speak English and attemptingRead MoreA Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua And The New Mestiza1713 Words  | 7 PagesWhen Anzaldua says â€Å"So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language†she wants you to feel every aspect of what she is saying. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†she persuades her readers to believe the way she feels and that she has went through hell to fight for what she believes in. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†is published in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New MEstiza (1987), by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"the book talks about how she is concerned with many kinds of borders--between nationsRead MoreHow A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua And The New Mestiza1480 Words  | 6 Pagesculture? When Anzaldua says â€Å"So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language†she wants you to feel every aspect of what she is saying. She is wanting you to know that she is standing up for her culture. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†she persuades her readers to believe the way she feels and that she has gone through hell to fight for what she believes in. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†is published in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"the bookRead MoreHow A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua And How Soccer Explains The World : An Unlikely Theory Of Globalization1309 Words  | 6 PagesTitle Throughout the years many people have experienced where he or she does not fit in a certain type of group or society because they are not accepted through the rest of society. In the short stories, â€Å"How to Tame a wild Tongue by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization†by Franklin Foer both authors talk about how society didn’t accept them because they were different from the â€Å"social norms†through the relationship of the individual and the communityRead MoreReflection on Readings Using Comparison and Contrast Maxine Hong Kingston (Tongue Tied); Richard Rodriguez (Aria); Gloria Anzaldua (How to Tame a Wild Tongue)1358 Words  | 6 Pagesconsequences of such, depending on their social background. Reflection on readings using Comparison and Contrast Maxine Hong Kingston (Tongue Tied); Richard Rodriguez (Aria); Gloria Anzaldua (How to Tame a Wild Tongue) In the short story’s ‘Tongue Tied’, ‘Aria’ and ‘How to Tame a Wild Tongue’, written by Maxine Hong Kingston, Richard Rodriguez and Gloria Anzaldua respectively, each author interrelates the issue of bilingualism and bi-culturalism as a personal, narrative-style, life experience.Read MoreAnalysis Of How To Tame A Wild Tongue1713 Words  | 7 Pages In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†by Gloria Anzaldua, she speaks from personal experiences she grows up with while living as a Chicana in the United States. Throughout her life she was subjected to being oppressed because of her native language. From a very young age she felt as if she was not allowed to express and acknowledge herself while speaking Spanish. Anzaldua believes that â€Å"If you want to really hurt me, talk bad about my language. Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity – I amRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Bilangual Education1216 Words  | 5 Pagesin his book â€Å"Achievement of Desire†, addresses his struggles as a young boy, trying to adapt to a bilingual education and how that education alienated him from his uneducated Mexican parents. Additionally in the excerpts â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,†Gloria Anzaldua, while she mainly focuses on the language of â€Å"Mexican†people in different aspects, also men tions her strife as a bilingual student. Although these two stories are different in many ways but they both reflect the negative impact of livingRead MoreAnzalduas Struggle with Language1502 Words  | 7 Pagesto Tame a Wild Tongue†Gloria Anzaldua, the author of â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,†expresses a very strong tie that she has to her native language. Anzaldua grew up in the United States, but spoke mostly Spanish. She did not speak the normal form of Spanish though; she spoke Chicano Spanish, a language very close to her heart. The text focuses on the idea of her losing her home accent, or tongue, to conform to the environment she is growing up in. From a very young age, Anzaldua knows that
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